One in three people on earth — around 2.5 billion — lack decent sanitation. As the world’s population continues to urbanize at rapid pace, outstripping infrastructure and municipal capabilities, it’s a crisis that looms especially large over cities. With populations in informal settlements (“slums”) expected to double to two billion by 2030, these dense urban communities pose one of the biggest challenge to meeting the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of achieving access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all. The problem is that toilets alone are not an answer. Without effective management of the wider sanitation service chain — containment, emptying, transport, treatment and waste conversion or disposal — a sizeable percentage of waste still ends up contaminating the environment, causing a major public health hazard.
Shepard, J., Stevens, C., Mikhael, G. (2017). The world can’t wait for sewers Advancing container-based sanitation businesses as a viable answer to the global sanitation crisis EY, WSUP
Urban (entire city)English