Sanitation Library
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The Sanitation Workers Knowledge + Learning Hub is the best source for all current news, trends, articles and updates on sanitation workers rights around the world.
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Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a significant occupational health concern, particularly among workers engaged in physically demanding and labor-intensive tasks. Desludging operators, who are responsible for the removal and management of fecal sludge, are particularly susceptible to these disorders due to the strenuous nature of their work. Despite the critical role they play in …
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This study compares pit-latrine emptying businesses in Kampala, Uganda, and Kigali, Rwanda, focusing on resources, methods, and tariffs. Empirical data from Forever Sanitation and Pit Vidura show challenges with portable vacuum pumps in hard-to-reach areas, highlighting the need for formal manual emptying for some customers where mechanical methods are not viable. Manual emptying has similar …
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The present project (K5/2897) was about the development, testing and evaluation of two prototype solar thermal drying technologies for the treatment of faecal sludge, namely a greenhouse-type solar dryer and a screw conveyer, and it included a pre-feasibility study.
The prototype testing showed that, temperatures between 35 and 45°C could be obtained with peaks up to 50°C, as well as relative …
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The aim of this project is to characterize the moisture boundness in faecal sludge, i.e. how moisture can be found in the sludge structure matrix and its interactions with the solid material. The understanding of moisture boundness will be greatly beneficial to improve the dewatering and thermal drying processes.
The limit of bound-unbound moisture varies between 50 to 70% moisture content …
1100 Views
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Feni is a fast-growing city located along the Dhaka-Chittagong highway and 161 km South of Dhaka. It is besides the Selonia River and it is well connected with road, water, and railways. It is one of the oldest towns in the sub-continent and was declared a Municipality in 1958. Feni is one of the 53 district level Municipality in the country.
According to the population census in 2011 by the …
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The present document consists of an addendum of data to the Handbook of Methods for Faecal Sludge Analysis. It is part of a project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates (BMGF) through the OPP1164143, untitled “Characterization of faecal material during drying”. This project was granted for funding after the 5-years Transformative Technologies convening at the BMGF headquarters in 2016, where …
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Faecal sludge management is the collection, transport, treatment and reuse or disposal of faecal sludge from pit latrines, septic tanks and other on-site sanitation technologies, and is crucial to achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. You can use this guide as a reference document to help create better sanitation programmes, specifically to make sure sanitation is safely managed for …
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In Bangladesh, on-site sanitation is prevalent throughout the country except for a small portion in Dhaka city, and the huge quantity of faecal sludge generated in septic tanks and pits (of pit/ pour-flush latrines) is inaptly managed. Lack of Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) services is causing severe environmental pollution, particularly in urban areas, affecting both public health and economy. …
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According to Census 2011, Bihar reported 11.67 million urban population i.e. 11.25% of total population of state, dwelling in 199 urban centers (which accounts 3.14% of total urban population of country). The state has 143 statutory towns and 56 census towns. The state has 143 urban local bodies(ULBs) including 12 Municipal Corporation (Nagar Nigam), 46 Nagar Palika Parishad and 85 Nagar …
922 Views
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Fecal sludge (FS) from on-site sanitation systems has to be well composted to reduce its pathogenic risk for reuse in agriculture, forestry or landscaping. Over the last decade, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) has explored the use of FS in combination with other organic waste sources to optimize the FS treatment and composting or co-composting process for the production of a …
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LEDeG and BORDA have been working in partnership since 1987. Initially cooperation was focused on renewable energy projects which provided electricity to 67 villages through micro-hydro technology. The cooperation was later expanded to include a range of income generation activities such as food processing, handicrafts and food production. In recent years the cooperation has evolved to focus on …
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ENPHO and BORDA have been working in partnership since 2004 to improve living conditions and to protect natural resources and climatic conditions in inadequately served urban and peri-urban settlements in South Asia. Concentrated in the field of urban sanitation, key achievements include technical support and scaling up of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS), introducing Faecal …
1263 Views
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Safety of sanitation workers remains an often-ignored aspect in Fecal Sludge Management. While shifting workers from manual to mechanical means of de-sludging remains a priority, this paper highlights that there are a number of safety issues, including exposure to sludge, faced by sanitation workers, even in a mechanised context, where de-sludging trucks are utilised to provide de-sludging …
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Demonstration of Pro-poor Market-based Solutions for Faecal Sludge Management in Urban Areas of Southern Bangladesh is a project implemented by SNV Netherlands Development Organisation in partnership with Khulna City Corporation, Jhenaidah and Kushtia Paurashavas. Improvement of working conditions in sludge emptying and transportation is identified as a major area of action under the project. In …
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In Bangladesh, the most commonly used sanitation options such as pit-latrines and pour-flush latrine use pits or septic tanks for containing faecal sludge (FS) for a certain period of time which require regular emptying when the tanks or pits become full. This emptying and disposing of faecal sludge is usually performed in a traditional (manual) way by a certain group of people in the society …
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The main objective of this baseline study was to understand the current situation of faecal sludge management (FSM) and practices of residential premises in three cities in southern Bangladesh: Khulna, Kushtia and Jhenaidah. A second objective was to establish a benchmark for the FSM programme.
The baseline consists of two parts:
1) A quantitative part measuring access to sanitation, hygiene …
938 Views
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Volume 4 of the Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater provides information on the assessment and management of risks associated with microbial hazards. It explains requirements to promote the safe use of excreta and greywater in agriculture, including minimum procedures and specific health-based targets, and how those requirements are intended to be used. This volume …
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This report from a research project funded by the Water Research Commission is divided into 2 volumes.
Volume 1:
In South Africa, the Pour-Flush system is viewed as an upgrade from the Ventilated Improved Pit latrine (VIP), which is the standard for basic sanitation in the country. PID successfully ran a pilot scheme involving the installation of approximately 25 Pour-Flush latrines in the …
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Solar thermal energy, an abundant and free source of energy in the world, particularly in a major part of developing countries, could supplement heat for drying purposes, leading to the decrease of the operating costs. In the sanitation sector, the use of solar energy for faecal sludge drying has been minimal, with only a few cases. Possible reasons for the low use of solar drying is the lack of …
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The current document presents the City Sanitation Plan for PNP. PNP is one of the cluster towns selected for implementing fecal sludge management in Tamil Nadu. This plan is curated from the sanitation situation analysis which included identifying major components of sanitation (water supply, storm water drainage and solid waste management), issues related to it, and possible solutions.
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Safe collection and safe disposal of fecal sludge is a critical component of septage management in which desludging operators play a central role. In order to understand their work, consultations were conducted with desludging operators in the Periyanaicken Palayam and Narasimhanaicken Palayam town panchayats of Coimbatore district. These consultations aimed to understand the current desludging …
1622 Views
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This is a Compendium of technology options for various components in the urban sanitation chain. This Compendium is contextual to the geographic and economic conditions for the state of Tamil Nadu and aims to provide the user with a broad range of innovative sanitation systems and technologies that can be implemented on the ground. This document is designed to act as a reference guide and …
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On-site sanitation systems (OSS) remain the dominant household arrangement across the state of Tamil Nadu for urban sanitation. Given that these OSS are spread over different hydrogeological zones, factors such as aquifer systems, soil drainage characteristics, groundwater levels and flood hazard areas have a bearing on their suitability. A study was undertaken for the state of Tamil Nadu to …
1525 Views
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TNUSSP carried out a baseline study in 36 ULBs across seven different agro- climatic zones to develop an understanding of the sanitation situation across the various region in the State of Tamil Nadu. The study used both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to elicit information from various stakeholders including household members, masons, public toilet and community toilet …
