The intersection of gender and WASH is complex and multifaceted. Gender norms and roles often determine who has control over water resources, who is responsible for sanitation and hygiene practices, and who has access to WASH facilities. For example, in many cultures, women and girls are responsible for fetching water, which can be time-consuming and physically demanding, often preventing them from attending school or engaging in other productive activities.
Gender-based violence is also a significant concern in the context of WASH, as lack of privacy and safety in sanitation facilities and water sources can put women and girls at risk. Furthermore, menstrual hygiene management is often neglected in WASH programs, which can have significant health consequences for girls and women.
Menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) is an important aspect of the intersection between gender and WASH. Access to menstrual hygiene products and facilities that support safe and dignified menstrual management is a critical aspect of WASH that affects the health, education, and overall well-being of girls and women. Inadequate access to menstrual hygiene products and facilities can lead to poor menstrual hygiene practices, which can result in infections, skin irritation, and other health issues. In addition, the lack of safe and private facilities for menstrual management can result in girls and women missing school or work, leading to lost opportunities and increased vulnerability.
Addressing gender inequalities in WASH is crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 5, which focuses on gender equality and empowering all women and girls. It requires a comprehensive and intersectional approach that recognizes the diverse needs and experiences of different genders and promotes their meaningful participation in decision-making processes related to WASH.
