LEDeG and BORDA have been working in partnership since 1987. Initially cooperation was focused on renewable energy projects which provided electricity to 67 villages through micro-hydro technology. The cooperation was later expanded to include a range of income generation activities such as food processing, handicrafts and food production. In recent years the cooperation has evolved to focus on issues related to urban water and sanitation.

As a result, they have been working closely with Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) such as Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council Council (LAHDC), Municipal Committee, Leh (MCL) and Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) to help, design and implement integrated water and solid/liquid waste management plans.

At an altitude of 3 500 m Leh is the highest town of significance in India. It is defined by its desert climate, characterized by extreme cold and heat, with very little rainfall annually (>100 mm). The town is experiencing the impact of rapid urbanization and climate change, with sustainable water management becoming an increasingly pressing concern.

Bibliographic information

Campbell, A. V. (2020). Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) Rapid Assessment: Leh, India BORDA SA; Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council Council (LAHDC); Ladakh Ecological Development Group (LEDeG)

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