Faecal sludge management (FSM) covers the whole chain from containment, emptying and collection, transportation, treatment and disposal and end-use. Faecal sludge management (FSM), nonetheless, is applied to the context of onsite sanitation (OSS) systems only. This is particularly important for Zambia where in general close to 85 percent of the population relies on on-site sanitation system. CSO (2016) showed that 77 percent of Zambians depended on OSS system while about 15.6 percent of the population relied on off-site sanitation, i.e. sewer connections and the remaining 7.4 percent used other types of toilet facilities or none at all. These ranged from aqua-privy (0.1 percent); bucket/ other container (0.1 percent), and other types of toilet facilities (3.2 percent) while the population of Zambia that never used any form of toilet facility accounted for 4.1 percent.
Sanitation service provision in the City of Lusaka is not any different. Almost 90 percent of residents in the City of Lusaka use OSS facilities consisting of septic tanks (22 percent), pour flush latrines (10 percent), improved pit latrines (50 percent), and traditional latrines (8 percent), with only 9 percent of households connected to sewers and the remaining 1% defecating in the open (LWSC, 2017). Specifically, Lusaka has a total sewer network of 480 km, serving only 30 percent of the city area (10-15 percent of the population). Thus, about 85 percent of the City is served by on-site sanitation system (OSS) and 90 percent of OSS are pit latrines which are poorly constructed and located in peri-urban areas (PUAs), a home for at least 70 percent of all residents in Lusaka.

Bibliographic information

Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training Authority (TEVETA) (2018). SYLLABUS FOR SKILLS AWARD IN MANUAL EMPTYING OF ON-SITE SANITATION SYSTEMS CHART NO.404 Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training Authority (TEVETA)

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