The UBSUP programme is implemented by the Water Sector Trust Fund (WSTF), which is a Kenyan state corporation mandated to finance water and sanitation services for the poor and under-served communities. UBSUP covers the entire sanitation service chain from toilet to treatment and is carried out on the grounds through the licensed water service providers (water utilities). The UBSUP approach is based on 3 key pillars: technology, social marketing, and business & financing. It comprises the following steps:

1. Creating demand: the WSTF launches a call for proposals and the water utilities apply for funding. A comprehensive social marketing / branding concept helps the water utilities create demand in their area for household toilets.

2. Promoting toilet construction: households choose from different standardised toilet options. The toilet owner receive a financial incentive covering part of the investment cost, after the toilet has been built according to standards.

3. Partnering with private sector: private vacuum tankers are registered with the water utilities to provide the collection and transport services. Business opportunities arise from the newly constructed toilets.

4. Setting up a decentralised treatment system: in case the town is not equipped with a treatment facility, UBSUP supports the construction of a Decentralised Treatment Facility (DTF) , which provides physical and biological treatment (no electricity or chemical additive) and can receive up to 22m3 of faecal sludge daily.

5. Monitoring and evaluation: tailor-made information systems and processes allow the WSTF and other stakeholders to prioritise, implement and monitor their interventions in order to improve access to sanitation.

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Capacity developmentMarket developmentTechnology comparisonsCitiesPublic awareness, advocacy and civil society engagement Operation, maintenance and sustainable servicesPolitical processes and institutional aspectsSpecific to one or several countriesToilets or urinals (user interface)Emptying and transport (non sewered)Treatment of wastewater or greywaterTreatment of faecal sludgeResource recovery Enabling environment and institutional strengtheningComposting, vermicomposting (solid waste), composting toiletsConstructed wetlandsDecentralised wastewater treatment (e.g. DEWATS)Faecal sludge treatment processesUrine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) Multi-lateral and International Monetary FundBill & Melinda Gates FoundationFaeces or faecal sludgeUrinePeri-urbanUrban informal settlements (slums)PractitionersFertiliserGovernment-owned entity (not university or research)

Related Countries

Kenya

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