In Phase II we aimed to provide further evidence for solving some of the most challenging issues in the sanitation agenda and bringing innovative emergency sanitation solutions to scale. The three most significant gaps in emergency sanitation that required our attention in this project were:
• Excreta disposal in difficult locations (urban, high water table and flooding)
• Latrine emptying and desludging
• Centralised excreta disposal options

Our activities in the consortium: Improved Desludging in Raised Latrines
In Phase I of the project we developed reliable protocols to treat faecal sludge on household scale in laboratory conditions. In the second phase it was therefore time to test and further develop the technology in actual emergy settings. For example, to avoid problems with transport of hazardous faecal sludge from raised latrines to the disposal site, we sanitized the sludge in raised latrines before transfer. At the same time, we improved the conditions inside the raised latrines by reducing foul smell and fly and mosquito breeding.

In ESP1 (Phase 1) we have developed reliable methods to sanitize faecal sludge by means of lime, urea and lactic acid. As part of the Humanitarian Innovation Project, we have added experiences with soda/ Ikati, Phenol and EM. We now have reliable protocols to treat faecal sludge on household scale in laboratory conditions. To avoid problems with transport of hazardous faecal sludge from raised latrines to the disposal site, we now enter the phase where we sanitize the sludge in raised latrines BEFORE transfer. At the same time, we want
to improve the conditions inside the raised latrines by reducing foul smell and fly and mosquito breeding.

The need for innovation to meet the sanitation gap is huge, and was identified in 2013 in a Gap Analysis for Emergency WASH undertaken by Oxfam and funded through the HIF.

The three most significant gaps in emergency sanitation that require attention were:
- Excreta disposal in difficult locations (urban, high water table / flooding);
- Latrine emptying and desludging; and
- Centralised excreta disposal options.

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Technology comparisonsEmergency and reconstructionProduct design and engineeringGlobalToilets or urinals (user interface)Emptying and transport (non sewered)Treatment of faecal sludgeFaecal sludge treatment processesOtherUnited States governmentCamps (emergency or longer term)PractitionersInternational NGO

Related Countries

MalawiNetherlands

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