ACCELERATION TOWARDS OPEN DEFECTION FREE (ODF) BHUTAN AND 100 % ACCESS TO POUR FLUSH TOILETS Gyaltshen, S. (2022)
The Royal Government of Bhutan and in particular, the Ministry of Health (MoH) has been concerned with the high prevalence of sanitation and hygiene-related diseases. This was largely due to low coverage of hygienic pour-flush toilets; high prevalence of inferior quality pit toilets (without slab/cover) which were unsanitary and unhygienic; and households without toilets. The Bhutan Multiple Indicator Survey (BMIS) in 2010 reported that only 58% of the overall population lived in households with access to improved sanitation facilities. By area, it is 77.9% for urban households and 51% for rural households. Also, UNICEF and WHO’s Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation 2012, reported rural households with access to hygienic toilets at 54%. As per the Annual Health Bulletin, households without toilets (open defection) have consistently remained at about 4% since 2010 for a decade and now hovers around 2%.
Bibliographic information
Gyaltshen, S. (2022). ACCELERATION TOWARDS OPEN DEFECTION FREE (ODF) BHUTAN AND 100 % ACCESS TO POUR FLUSH TOILETS UNICEF
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