Ecosan systems that accommodate anal washing Rosemarin, A., Kvarnström, E., Subbaraman, M., Ganapathy, V., Dagerskog, L. and Pasupathiraj, K (2007)
When it comes to anal-cleansing, the world can be divided into two
major groups – the washers and the wipers. Washers strictly use water
either manually or if available from a hand-held shower head,
tap or bidet. Generally speaking, manual washing requires about 1 -
2 litres of water per defecation.
The topic of anal-cleansing, however, is not well studied and little formal data is available regarding people’s actual habits. But there are some regions of the world where anal-washing dominates such as South Asia, the Middle East, and various countries in Africa, Southeast Asia and Central Asia. This short multi-authored communication deals with the question what ecological sanitation systems exist for communities that practice anal washing? But it also deals with a series of implicit questions.
Bibliographic information
Rosemarin, A., Kvarnström, E., Subbaraman, M., Ganapathy, V., Dagerskog, L. and Pasupathiraj, K (2007). Ecosan systems that accommodate anal washing Sustainable Water Management, Issue 2-2007
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Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs) English
