Burch, J., Thomas, K.E (0) An Overview of Water Disinfection in Developing Countries and the Potential for Solar Thermal Water Pasteurization

This study originated within the Solar Buildings Program at the U.S. Department of Energy. Its goal is to assess the potential for solar thennal water disinfection in developing countries. In order to assess solar thennal potential, the alternatives must be clearly understood and compared. The objectives of the study are to: a) characterize the developing world disinfection needs and market; b) identify competing technologies, both traditional and emerging; c) […]

Brown, J., Sobsey, M., Proum, S. (2007) Improving Household Drinking Water Quality Use of Ceramic Water Filters in Cambodia

Household-scale ceramic filtration technology is considered among the most promising options for treating drinking water at the household level in developing countries (Lantagne 2001; Sobsey 2002; Roberts 2004). Its use is Cambodia is widespread and growing, with the involvement of local and international NGOs and government efforts that have been supported by UNICEF, WSP-Cambodia, and others. Although several different kinds of ceramic filters are used […]

Brikké, F., & Bredero, M. (2003) Linking Technology Choice with O&M in the Context of Community Water Supply and Sanitation

Brand, A.P (2004) Low-cost pump alternatives for rural communities in Honduras Meeting demand for access to safe drinking water

With financial support from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and the technical assistance of WSP-LAC, the Honduras Water and Sanitation Network carried out a field survey on pumps being used in Honduras directed at identifying successful options for replication. The following report presents advantages and limitations of two types of low-cost pumps - the EMAS Flexi and the Rope Pump - used in […]

SEI, UNEP (2009) Rainwater harvesting: a lifeline for human well-being

Rainfall and soil water are fundamental parts of all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems which supplies goods and services for human well-being. Availability and quality of water determines ecosystem productivity, both for agricultural and natural systems. There is increasing demand on water resources for development whilst maintaining healthy ecosystems, which put water resources under pressure. Ecosystem services suffer when rain and soil water becomes scarce due […]

Thomson, P., Hope, R. A., Foster, T. (2012) Is silence golden? Of mobiles, monitoring, and rural water supplies

Reliable and cost-effective monitoring of rural water supply infrastructure has long been hampered by the geographical curse of dispersed and low-income populations, and weak institutional performance. Recent advances in monitoring technology combined with mobile network expansion into rural areas has created an opportunity to bypass these seemingly intractable challenges. Mobile-enhanced technologies have the potential to produce data that is orders of magnitude richer, faster, and […]

Bourke, N., Carty, G., O’Leary, G., Crowe, M., Page, D (2002) Water Treatment Manuals Coagulation, Flocculation & Clarification

Absolutely pure water is rarely, if ever, found in nature. The impurities occur in three progressively finer states - suspended, colloidal and dissolved matter. Different methods of treatment are required for their removal or reduction to acceptable limits. Coagulation, Flocculation and Clarification, as well as Filtration are interdependent stages of the solids separationphase of water treatment. Failure or inadequacy in any of the stages will have adverse […]

Boges & Mahoney Inc. (0) B1-150 OSEC® System. Manual

The OSEC® (On Site Electrolytic Chlorination) hypochlorite generationequipment described in this manual is designed for the continuous production of sodium hypochlorite from brine. The sodium hypochlorite isused in the disinfection of water supplies, being an alternative to the useof gaseous chlorination. The sodium hypochlorite produced by the OSECmethod is of much lower concentration than normal commercial suppliesand is thus far less hazardous to handle and […]

Steets, J. (2011) Donor Strategies for Addressing the Transition Gap and Linking Humanitarian and Development Assistance A Contribution to the International Debate

Humanitarian assistance and development cooperation pursue different aims and follow different principles. Their separation – while important to protect the independence of humanitarian action – has negative side effects. This paper seeks to contribute to the international debate by clarifying concepts, analyzing these effects and exploring donor strategies for addressing them. The state of the debate The paper first defines the subject area – the main forms […]

Baumann, E. (2011) Low Cost Handpumps

Groundwater supplies provide a significant proportion of rural dwellers in the developing world with access to a safe drinking water supply and will continue to do so in the near future. With the emergence of Self Supply and its increasing acceptance, low-cost handpumps have a role to play. Twenty five years ago the emphasis was on completely enclosed pumps (for drinking water only) to avoid […]

Sphere Association (2018) The Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response

The Sphere Project, now known as Sphere, was created in 1997 by a group of humanitarian non-governmental organisations and the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Its aim was to improve the quality of their humanitarian responses and to be accountable for their actions. The Sphere philosophy is based on two core beliefs: • People affected by disaster or conflict have the right to life with […]

Souter, P. F., Cruickshank, G. D., Tankerville, M. Z., Keswick, B. H., Ellis, B. D., Langworthy, D. E., Metz, K. A., Appleby, M. R., Hamilton, N., Jones, A. L., Perry, J. D. (2003) Evaluation of a new water treatment for point-of-use household applications to remove microorganisms and arsenic from drinking water

Contamination of drinking water by microorganisms and arsenic represents a major human health hazard in many parts of the world. An estimated 3.4 million deaths a year are attributable to waterborne diseases. Arsenic poisoning from contaminated water sources is causing a major health emergency in some countries such as Bangladesh where 35 to 77 million people are at risk. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently […]

Baumann, E. (2000) Water Lifting Manuals on Drinking Water Supply. Volume 7

Focusing on the task of pumping water, Water Lifting serves either as a stand-alone reference text or as a valuable companion for the publications in this series that focus more on the subject of ensuring primary access to potable water.

Bauer, R., Myint, S. (2009) Dry Season Water Strategies in Myanmar after Cyclone Nargis

For many residents of the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar, rainwater collection from village ponds and roof tops serves as the primary source of potable water throughout the year. In May 2008, Cyclone Nargis struck the Delta region, damaging many of these ponds by breaching their embankments or filling them with debris and saline water. Despite the ef orts of the international aid community […]

Bartram, J. et al. (2009) Water Safety Plan Manual Step-by-step Risk Management for Drinking-Water

“The most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of a drinking-water supply is through the use of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. In these Guidelines, such approaches are called water safety plans (WSPs)”. The words above open Chapter 4 of the Third Edition of the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (2004) […]

Bamford, E., Zadi, D. (2016) Scaling Up Solar Powered Water Supply Systems a review of experiences

Over the past few years, UNICEF has been exploring new and innovative approaches to water supply, placing an emphasis on systems which are affordable, scalable, environmentally sustainable and climate smart. Solar powered water systems have the potential to meet all of these criteria. The systems can also help provide a higher quality service to multiple communities through the use of small piped water schemes and […]

TNUSSP (2021) Guidelines for Sanitation Workers

Sanitation has been declared one of the essential services during the COVID-19 crisis. Sanitation workers are an integral part of sanitation service delivery and TNUSSP team has been engaging with them with the objective of improving their safety, health and welfare. In response to the current public health crisis, TNUSSP has developed a set of guidelines for different categories of sanitation workers such as community/public […]

Ball, P. (2001) Drilled Wells Vol.6 of the Series of Manuals on Drinking Water Supply

Access to adequate water, sanitation, drainage and solid waste disposal are four inter-related basic needs which impact significantly on socio-economic development and quality of life. The number of people around the world who still do not have access to these basic facilities, despite enormous global effort over more than two decades, provides sufficient evidence that conventional approaches and solutions alone are unable to make a sufficient dent in the […]

Sobsey, M. D. (2002) Managing Water in the Home: Accelerated Health Gains from Improved Water Supply

A large fraction of the World's population around 1.1 billion people - does not have access to improved sources of water. For many others, contamination of water during transport and in the household presents a significant health risk. For this segment of the world's population, use of effective technologies for household water treatment and storage is likely to have direct beneficial effects in the form […]

Bain et al. (2012) A Summary Catalogue of Microbial Drinking Water Tests for Low and Medium Resource Settings

Microbial drinking-water quality testing plays an essential role in measures to protect public health. However, such testing remains a significant challenge where resources are limited. With a wide variety of tests available, researchers and practitioners have expressed difficulties in selecting the most appropriate test(s) for a particular budget, application and setting. To assist the selection process we identified the characteristics associated with low and medium […]