Mangharam, Anushka (2017) SFD Report - St. Louis, MO, USA

The City of St. Louis is located within the state of Missouri, USA. Built along the Mississippi River, it borders St. Louis County but is not a part of it. The Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District (MSD) serves the City of St. Louis and 90% of St. Louis County, equivalent to a total of 1.3 million people. It is estimated that 90% of fecal sludge […]

Mangharam, Anushka (2017) SFD Report - Cape Cod, MA, USA

Cape Cod is a geographic cape extending into the Atlantic Ocean from mainland Massachusetts, USA. It has a population of 215,888 people, nearly doubling in the summer. The sanitation infrastructure in Cape Cod consists of both centralized wastewater systems leading to a publicly-owned wastewater treatment plant with effluent disposal, as well as decentralized wastewater systems. Date of production: 24/07/2017

Ahrens, B. (2005) A Comparison of Wash Area and Soak Pit Construction The Changing Nature of Urban, Rural, and Peri-Urban Linkages in Sikasso, Mali

In this report, the relationship between geographic location, project implementation process, and ten factors were analyzed. In the urban case study, major influential factors included the presence of aid money, education, and concentration of pollution. The greater part of the urban project is carried out by the policy makers, indicating a “topdown” approach to development. In the rural case study, the major influential factors were […]

Kengne, I., Diaz-A., B. M., Strande, L. (2014) Faecal Sludge Management Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation

The previous chapters covered how stabilisation, drying, and pathogen reduction of faecal sludge (FS) can be achieved with different treatment technologies, and combinations of these various technologies. Each treatment technology results in endproducts which need to be further treated, disposed of, or harnessed for some type of resource recovery. Endproducts, for example dried or partially dried sludge, compost, leachate, and biogas, each have an intrinsic […]

Deublein, D., Steinhauser, A. (2011) Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources

The book includes detailed descriptions of all the process steps to be followed during the production of biogas, from the preparation of the suitable substrate to the use of biogas, the end product. Each individual stage is assessed and discussed in depth, taking the different aspects like application and potential into account. Biological, chemical, and engineering processes are detailed in the same way as apparatus, […]

Fulford, D. (1996) Biogas Stove Design A short course

This document aims at guiding how to design biogas stove.

Cointreau, S. (2004) Sanitary Landfill Design and Siting Criteria

For two decades, solid waste components in World Bank projects have focused on collection of solid wastes, with equipment provided to upgrade operations at existing open dumps. Since early 1990, the private sector has become increasingly being involved in the collection, disposal, and treatment of solid waste and World Bank projects have placed greater priority on implementation of new sanitary landfills. The following guidance provides […]

EPA (1994) A Plain English Guide to the EPA Part 503 Biosolids Rule

The purpose of this document is to explain the intent and requirements of the Part 503 rule and to assist owner/operators in determining the extent to which their biosolids management operation is covered. To help clarify the intent of the Part 503 rule! this guidance document sometimes uses terms that do not appear in the rule itself and organizes information differently from the rule. For […]

Jenkins, J. (2005) A Guide to Composting Human Manure

“Human waste” is a term that has traditionally been used to refer only to human excrements, namely fecal material and urine, which are by-products of the human digestive system. When discarded, these materials are colloquially known as human waste. When recycled for agricultural purposes, however, they’re known by various names, including night soil (when applied raw to fields in Asia) and human manure or humanure. […]

Adam-Bradford, A., Tomkins, M., Perkins, C., van Veenhuizen, R., Binego, L., Hunt, S., Belton, J. (2016) Transforming Land, Transforming Lives Greening Innovation and Urban Agriculture in the Context of Forced Displacement

Greening innovation and urban agriculture can bring dignity, empowerment and food sovereignty to refugee communities. Simple technologies and waste recovery make these techniques cost effective and adaptable. Both should be central to designing, implementing and sustaining both refugee camps and overcrowded urban areas. This report examines current and potential use of greening innovation and urban agriculture in refugee camps, cities and rural settlements in four […]

GIZ, UNICEF (2017) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools (WinS) International Learning Exchange (ILE)

The report summarizes the proceedings of the ILE in Indonesia, provides technical details and input of invited resource experts as well as participants, and expands on the key discussions that made the event such a lively, useful and practical experience for all participants. It is hoped that the report will be an important element in joint global knowledge management for WinS and that it will […]

Various authors (2016) WASH management for sustainable service delivery WASH Futures Conference, Presentations from Stream A: WASH management for sustainable service delivery

Accountability and shared governance Nozibele Mjoli Make or break: accountability central to good sanitation governance Prasetyastuti Puspowardoya Co-management: enabling community-based sanitation sustainability Nughroho Tri Utomo & Declan Hearne Social contracts: a tool for better governance of water services Justino da Silva Supporting communities in Timor-Leste to audit government water supply services Strengthening enabling environments Henry Northover How did the East Asian 'Tigers' deliver sanitation within a generation? Lessons for the SDGs Virak Chan Innovation and learning from behaviour […]

SOILS Publications (2016) An Illustrated Guide for Vegetable Micro-Gardens in Refugee Camps

Heinss, U., Larmie, S. A., Strauss, M. (1998) Solids Separation and Pond Systems for the Treatment of Faecal Sludges in the Tropics Lessons Learnt and Recommendations for Preliminary Design

The report sets out to provide guidelines for the preliminary design of faecal sludge treatment schemes comprising solids-liquid separation and stabilisation ponds. The document is based on the results of collaborative field research conducted by the Ghana Water Research Institute and SANDEC on full and pilot-scale faecal sludge (FS) treatment plants located in Accra, Ghana. Published and unpublished documents relating to the subject were also […]

Arne Panesar, Dirk Walther, Thomas Kauter-Eby, Susanne Bieker, Suresh Rohilla, Regina Dube, Kim Augustin, Roland Schertenleib (2018) The SuSanA platform and the Shit Flow Diagram - tools to achieve more sustainable sanitation for all A publication within: A BETTER WORLD Vol. 3: Actions and commitments to Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all

Daniela Krahl of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ) has said that: “The water strategy of our Ministry is seen as a model because it addresses the spirit of the SDGs in a holistic manner, thus going beyond SDG 6. That is what we need today and that is why I like the excreta flow diagram. It brings people from different […]

Furlong, C., Templeton, M. R., Gibson, W. T. (2014) Processing of human faeces by wet vermifiltration for improved on-site sanitation

The use of a vermifilter containing Eisenia fetida to degrade human faeces in a continuous wet system was explored. This paper aimed to understand the formation of vermicompost within the system, the quality of the effluent produced, and the effect of different bedding matrices. Eight filters were constructed, utilising four different bedding materials: four of these systems were seeded with 400 g of worms (vermifilters) […]

Furlong, C., Gibson, W. T., Oak, A., Patankar, R. (2015) Faecal sludge treatment by vermifiltration proof of concept

The objective of this study was to determine if composting worms and their cocoons are able to survive in and digest faecal sludge. Eighteen vermifilters with different worm and cocoon densities were set-up, fed with faecal sludge (from portable pour-flush toilets) and ran for 38 days. Samples of the sludge, effluent and vermicompost were analysed for pH, total solids, chemical oxygen demand, faecal coliforms and […]

Rothenberger, S., Zurbrügg, C., Enayetullah, I., Sinha, A.H.M. (2006) Decentralised Composting For Cities Of Low-And Middle-Income Countries A Users’ Manual

This manual has been prepared for use by local nongovernmental and community-based organisations (e.g. resident initiatives) and relevant persons in urban local governments. Private organisations or entrepreneurs interested in organic waste recycling may also benefit from this book. It may also help development agencies and other government sectors in planning waste management and composting programmes. It can be used as a basic source of information […]

Heinss, U., Larmie, S. A., Strauss, M. (1999) Characteristics of Faecal Sludges and their Solids-Liquid Separation

Based on the Field Report Entitled "Sedimentation Tank Sludge Accumulation Study" Prepared by S.A. Larmie WRI (Dec. 1994).

U.S. EPA (2000) Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet Trickling Filter Nitrification

Nitrogen is one of the principal nutrients found in wastewater. Discharges containing nitrogen can severely damage a water resource and it’s associated ecosystem. As a result, several chemical, physical and biological processes have been used to promote the removal of nitrogen. Nitrification and denitrification are two suggested processes that significantly reduce nitrogen levels in wastewater. This fact sheet will primarily focus on the nitrification process […]