Waterkeyn, J., Matimati, R., Muringaniza, A. (2009) ZOD for all - Scaling up the Community Health Club Model to Meet the MDGs for Sanitation in Rural and Urban Areas Case Studies from Zimbabwe and Uganda

Most countries in Africa will fall short of meeting the MDG targets for the provision of water and sanitation due to lack of financial and institutional capacity (WSP-Africa, 2006). Although safe sanitation has been found to be the most effective single intervention in reducing diarrhoea (Esrey, et al.1991), this does not necessarily mean building latrines, which can become a fly breeding ground if they are […]

Waterkeyn, J., Waterkeyn, A. (2013) Creating a Culture of Health: Hygiene Behaviour Change in Community Health Clubs Through Knowledge and Positive Peer Pressure

Understanding the mechanisms that trigger behaviour change to overcome risky hygiene is critical to improving family health. Research in an integrated health promotion programme in 382 Community Health Clubs (CHCs) in three districts of Zimbabwe showed clearly the value members attached to gaining ‘knowledge’, which was their strongest motivation for joining CHCs. In these rural areas, where only 38% had completed primary school, randomly sampled […]

Waterkeyn, J., Waterkeyn, A., Uwingabire, F., Pantoglou, J., Ntakarutimana, A., Mbirira, M., Katabarwa, J., Bigirimana, Z., Cairncross, S., Carter, R. (2020) The Value of Monitoring Data in a Process Evaluation of Hygiene Behaviour Change in Community Health Clubs to Explain Findings from a Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial in Rwanda

Background: A cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial evaluation of the impact of the Community Health Clubs (CHCs) in the Community Based Environmental Health Promotion Programme in Rwanda in 2015 appeared to find little uptake of 7 hygiene indicators 1 year after the end of the intervention, and low impact on prevention of diarrhoea and stunting. Methods: Monitoring data was revisited through detailed community records with all the expected inputs, outputs […]

Waterkeyn, J., Okot, P., Kwame, V. (2005) Rapid Sanitation Uptake in the Internally Displaced People Camps of Northern Uganda Through Community Health Clubs

One of the worst humanitarian disasters in the world is currently taking place in Northern Uganda where 89% of the population in Gulu District now live in 33 Internally Displaced People’s (IDP) Camps, with low levels of home hygiene and only 5% sanitation coverage. A local NGO, Health Integrated Development Organization (HIDO), has started 116 Community Health Clubs in 15 IDPs camps, with 15,522 regular […]

Watson, J., Dreibelbis, R., Aunger, R., Deola, C., King, K., Long, S., Chase, R. P., Cumming, O. (2018) Child's Play: Harnessing Play and Curiosity Motives to Improve Child Handwashing in a Humanitarian Setting

Abstract In humanitarian emergency settings there is need for low cost and rapidly deployable interventions to protect vulnerable children, in- and out-of-school, from diarrhoeal diseases. Handwashing with soap can greatly reduce diarrhoea but interventions specifically targeting children's handwashing behaviour in humanitarian settings have not been tested. Traditional children's handwashing promotion interventions have been school-focused, resource-intensive and reliant on health-based messaging. However, recent research from non-humanitarian settings […]

WEDC (0) The ’F’ Diagram Poster 04

Gonzales, L., Güllemann, H., Thyberghien, H. (2010) Community Led Total Sanitation in the Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement. Discussion Paper

PHAST shares the same participatory learning principles as CLTS, which aim at gaining self-esteem, believing in people‟s ability to solve basic problems with their own resources. PHAST and CLTS also have in common the technical scope in their original conception, since both have been designed to focus on sanitation issues in rural communities. However, PHAST in Red Cross / Red Crescent has been successful in […]

Reed, B., Bevan, J. (2014) Managing Hygiene Promotion in WASH Programmes Guide 13

Managers of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes normally acknowledge that people need to behave in a hygienic manner to protect water supplies and ensure that sanitation facilities are used properly. However, promoting hygienic behaviour differs from the construction of infrastructure, with indicators of progress being less concrete. This means campaigns need to be planned and carried out in a suitable manner. A number of […]

Goel, S., Chandrashekar, B.R. (2020) Evaluating the Efficacy of Handwashing Demonstration on Hand Hygiene Among School Students. An Interventional Study

This was an interventional study carried out over a period of 5 days among 21 schoolchildren aged 12–18 years in their respective school premises. Participants were requested to rub their hands with an UV-sensitive fluorescent lotion and then wash them. Hands were air-dried and examined under UV rays for blue light emission in a dark room. Emission of blue light highlighted parts of hand where […]

WEDC, WaterAid (2013) Accessibility and Safety Audit of Water and Sanitation Facilities Facilitators Notes

Purpose: To evaluate the level of accessibility and safety of an existing water and/or sanitation facility and its surrounds, and to identify possible changes or improvements. Diversity message: Simple changes to facilities and their surrounds can improve their usability for a wide range of users, thus avoiding the need for separate ‘special’ provision. Safety message: To consider any risks to safety from using the facilities and to […]

GOARN, IFRC, UNICEF, WHO (2020) Tips for Engaging Communities during COVID-19 in Low-Resource Settings, Remotely and In-Person

This brief provides key considerations for engaging communities on COVID-19 and tips for how to engage where there are movement restrictions and physical distancing measures in place, particularly in low-resource settings. It is designed for non-governmental organizations (NGOs), UN agencies, government agencies, and other humanitarian and implementing actors working on health promotion, risk communication, and community engagement for COVID-19. This document is an initiative of […]

WEDC, WaterAid (2013) Accessibility and Safety Audit: Latrine Checklist

The purpose is to examine a sanitation facility, and a) Find out if a physically vulnerable person1 is able to use the facility independently. b) Identify which features make it easy to use, and which features make it difficult to use by a physically vulnerable person. c) Find out if there are any safety concerns around using the facility, particularly for adolescent girls, women and children of different ages. d) Identify […]

Global Protection Cluster (0) Protection Mainstreaming Toolkit. Field Testing Version

Global Handwashing Partnership (2021) 2020 Global Handwashing Day Report

Nabembezi, D., Nabunya, H. (0) Sanitation Marketing: A Handbook for Sanitation Managers and Private Sector Players

In order to address sanitation challenges, accelerate access and sustained use of latrines coupled with good hygiene practices such as hand washing Uganda’s Ministry of Health, together with Plan Uganda, has produced handbooks on sanitation marketing. The aim is to increase awareness and harness momentum for uptake of Sanitation Marketing among stakeholders such as government at policy making level, line ministries, district local government structures […]

Mosler, H.-J., Contzen, N. (2016) Systematic Behavior Change in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. A Practical Guide Using the RANAS approach

The aim of this manual is to give practitioners a tool to help them when designing an effective behavior change campaign. The methodology is explained step by step, all necessary skills and other requirements are described, and possible pitfalls are noted.

Whaley, L., Webster, J. (2011) The Effectiveness and Sustainability of Two Demand-Driven Sanitation and Hygiene Approaches in Zimbabwe

Since 2000 a number of community-driven sanitation approaches have emerged that counter a historical trend to subsidise the provision of latrines to the poor. This study reports on a set of findings and conclusions concerning the effectiveness and sustainability of two such approaches operating in Zimbabwe, the community health club (CHC) approach and community-led total sanitation (CLTS). Surveys, interviews and focus groups were conducted in […]

White, S., Heath, T., James, K., Lapegue, J. (2018) Designing Evidence-Based and Context-Specific Hygiene Programs in Emergencies: Could There be an App for That?

When a humanitarian crisis occurs the disease risk associated with faecal-oral pathogens substantially increases. Encouraging crisis-affected populations to wash their hands with soap has therefore been a cornerstone of humanitarian response for decades. Recent literature reviews have highlighted that current approaches to hygiene programming are dated and insufficient to realise actual behaviour change. This research explored the factors that determine hygiene behaviour in emergencies and […]

Mooijman, A.M. (2003) Evaluation of Hygiene Promotion. DFID Resource Centre for Water, Sanitation and Health.

Unhygienic environments place children at risk of death. Some 1.5 million deaths of under-fives a year are caused by diarrhoea, deaths which can be avoided if diarrhoea in this age group is prevented or appropriately treated. Diarrhoea also stunts children’s physical and intellectual growth and is a huge cost factor. Overall, 2.2 million people died because of diarrhoea in 2002. Hygiene promotion is an important […]

Global Handwashing Partnership (0) The Handwashing Handbook

This handbook is based on the experience of the Global Handwashing Partnership and presents best practices and new concepts to improve the uptake of handwashing. This handbook updates the approaches shared in the previous Handwashing Handbook, which was published in 2005 by the World Bank with support from the partners of the Global Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing (PPPHW), the original name of the Global Handwashing […]