UN General Assembly (1966) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)

UNICEF (2020) Handwashing Stations and Supplies for the COVID-19

Handwashing with soap, when done correctly, is critical in the fight against COVID-19, but 3 billion people have no ready access to a place to wash their hands with soap at home. WHO released interim guidance on 1 April 2020, recommending to all Member States to make hand hygiene facilities in front of public and private commercial buildings as well as at all transport hubs […]

UN General Assembly (1948) Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 A) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. […]

Knight, J., Kontos, L., Da Cunha Forte, J., Muktadir, G., Gautam, O. P. (2020) Technical Guide for Handwashing Facilities in Public Places and Building

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that all member states provide universal access to public handwashing facilities. Consequently, WaterAid and other organisations have been working with governments to install handwashing facilities in a wide range of public places and buildings, to support improved handwashing practices and reduce transmission of the virus. Locations include markets, public transport hubs, public/ […]

Alemu, F., Kumie, A., Medhin, G., Gasana, J. (2018) The Role of Psychological Factors in Predicting Latrine Ownership and Consistent Latrine Use in Rural Ethiopia: a Cross-Sectional Study

Inadequate sanitation is one of the leading causes of disease in poor and middle-income countries. The objective of the study was to identify the psychological factors that predict latrine ownership and consistent latrine use in the rural Becho district of central Ethiopia.

Wash'Em (2019) How to Design Handwashing Facilities that Change Behaviour

De Buck, E., Van Remoortel, H., Hannes, K., Govender, T., Naidoo, S., Avau, B., Vande veegaete, A., Musekiwa, A., Vittoria, L., Cargo, M., Mosler, H-J., Vandekerckhove, P., Young, T. (2017) Approaches to promote handwashing and sanitation behaviour change in low- and middle-income countries: a mixed method systematic review

This Campbell Systematic Review examines the effectiveness of different approaches for promoting handwashing and sanitation behaviour change, and factors affecting implementation, in low and middle-income countries. The review summarises evidence from 42 impact evaluations, and from 28 qualitative studies.

M. Peter, V. Misev, V. Schelbert, C. Lüthi, A. Panesar, J.C. Schlenk, N. Stauf, S. Semiyaga (2022) Handwashing Facilities Overview and Decision Support Tool with Case Studies from Uganda

Handwashing Facilities - Overview and Decision Support Tool with Case Studies from Uganda The objectives of this publication are twofold. The first objective is to give an overview of common types of handwashing facilities with a number of key aspects that need to be considered during the planning stage. Focus is placed on handwashing facilities that are generally suitable for installation at public and commercial buildings […]

Oxfam (2012) Humanitarian Field Studies. Cholera Response in Haiti. Hygiene Promotion: Determining What Works.

When a massive earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010, followed by a cholera epidemic that broke out in October of that year, Oxfam rushed assistance—clean water, sanitation, and hygiene materials and information—to hard-hit areas to protect public health. Oxfam engaged in a wide range of hygiene promotion activities to encourage washing hands—specifically, washing hands with soap at key moments, such as before eating and after defecation. […]

UNICEF (2020) Covid-19. Handwashing with Soap (HWWS) Facilities

Handwashing with soap for minimum 40 seconds is one of the precautionary measures suggested and advocated globally since the outbreak of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease). The pandemic has created a demand for behaviour change and sustained practices of Handwashing with soap. This calls for exploring existing options of handwashing stations and create newer designs of handwashing stations globally, majorly catering to the demand of COVID […]

WaterAid Australia, IWC, IRC (2011) Promoting Good Hygiene Practices: Key Elements and Practical Lessons

The objective of this compilation is to strengthen the capacity of organisations to design and deliver effective hygiene promotion programs leading to the improved health of communities. This compilation of three keynote papers and 31 case studies searches for answers to the question: What makes hygiene promotion work? The case studies are written by authors from a wide variety of organisations working in South Asia, South […]

GWC (2008) Hygiene Promotion in Emergencies A Briefing Paper

UNICEF (2020) Global Evaluation of UNICEF’s WASH Programming in Protracted Crises 2014-19

This Global Evaluation of UNICEF’s WASH Programming in Protracted Crises (WiPC) is the first UNICEF global thematic evaluation focusing specifically on protracted crisis contexts.This evaluation provides both accountability for UNICEF’s perfor- mance as well as learning and practical solutions for adapting WASH programming and ways of working to better meet the unique challenges of providing appropriate and sustainable WASH services in protracted crises. WASH needs in […]

Czerniewska, A, White, S. (2020) Hygiene programming during outbreaks: a qualitative case study of the humanitarian response during the Ebola outbreak in Liberia

Hygiene promotion is a cornerstone of humanitarian response during infectious disease outbreaks. Despite this, we know little about how humanitarian organisations design, deliver or monitor hygiene programmes, or about what works to change hygiene behaviours in outbreak settings. This study describes humanitarian perspectives on changing behaviours in crises, through a case study of hygiene promotion during the 2014-2016 Liberian Ebola outbreak. Our aim was to […]

IFRC (2020) Learning from Other National Societies. Global Menstrual Hygiene Management Experiences Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion (WASH) Learning Resource

This learning document is a collection of experiences from Red Cross Red Crescent National Societies in menstrual hygiene management (MHM). Experiences from both emergency contexts and long-term programming are included. The aim is to give practical “how to” recommendations, tips that National Societies have learnt, and tools developed through implementing MHM programmes which others can learn from, adapt, and apply in their own MHM actions. […]

UNICEF (2020) Guidance Note: Menstrual Health and Hygiene for Girls and Women with Disabilities

This tip sheet offers a framework for supporting menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) and practical entry points for meeting the needs of menstruators with disabilities.

Gruer, C., Utami, D., Schmitt, M., Sommer, M. (2020) Guidance Note: Integrating Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) into Ebola Response

The Guidance Note: Integrating Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) into Ebola Response aims to provide streamlined guidance and practical insights to support Ministries of Health, organizations and agencies seeking to integrate menstrual hygiene management (MHM) into their Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) response. This guidance note was informed by a global desk review and key informant interviews with global experts involved in a range of EVD response […]

IFRC (2018) WASH Guidelines for Hygiene Promotion in Emergency Operations

These guidelines outline a step-by-step process for Red Cross Red Crescent staff and volunteers to plan and implement effective, context appropriate hygiene promotion, without taking shortcuts or delivering ‘hygiene messages’. The guidelines provide National Societies with a standard approach for quality assurance, and an opportunity for more effective training and monitoring.

IASC (2015) The Implementation of the Humanitarian Programme Cycle Version 2.0

This document was prepared by the Humanitarian Programme Cycle Steering Group of the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC). It is primarily for managers of organizations that prepare for and respond to humanitarian crises. It provides an overview of what needs to be done, when and by whom, to enable managers to allocate staff and tasks, sequence decisions and planning, and identify priorities.

Yates, T., Allen, J., Leandre Joseph, M. and Lantagne, D. (2017) WASH Interventions in Disease Outbreak Response

This evidence synthesis, commissioned by the Humanitarian Evidence Programme and carried out by a team from the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Tufts University, identifies, synthesizes and evaluates existing evidence of the impacts of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions in disease outbreaks in 51 humanitarian contexts in 19 low and middle-income countries (LMICs).