Clean water provision is a critical component of emergency response, and chlorination is widely used in emergencies to treat water. To provide responders with practical, evidencebased recommendations for implementing chlorination programmes and recommend areas for future research, we conducted a literature review of chlorination in emergencies, supplemented with a literature review on chlorination in general. We identified 106 total documents, including 7 with information on […]
This report provides a summary of the status of menstrual hygiene (MH) in schools in South Asia. It describes the context for MH in schools and progress in the implementation of MH services since 2018. It identifies progress and gaps in achieving sustainable and inclusive MH services in schools at scale. It draws together opportunities for further promoting and mainstreaming MH in schools in South […]
This is a collection of shorts of best practices from around the country that illustrate how panchayats have managed the COVID-19 pandemic.
The guidelines set out essential actions that humanitarian actors must take in order to effectively identify and respond to the needs and rights of persons with disabilities who are most at risk of being left behind in humanitarian settings. The recommended actions in each chapter place persons with disabilities at the centre of humanitarian action, both as actors and as members of affected populations. They are […]
Persons with disabilities often experience discrimination and exclusion, despite the adoption of an increasingly rights-based approach to humanitarian assistance. The past three decades have witnessed a growing awareness of disability issues and the emergence and spread of disabled people’s organisations. The growing awareness must be accompanied by practical measures to identify and reduce the barriers faced by persons with disabilities in an emergency situation. The the capacity […]
The one day Conference held on 9th March 2006 was entitled “Water and sanitation for disabled people and other vulnerable groups: improving access and inclusion.” The purpose of the conference was to introduce the issues and problems of accessing and using WATSAN services and facilities for disabled people and other vulnerable groups, including solutions and examples of good practice for making WATSAN facilities more accessible […]
This compendium presents low-cost technologies to improve the accessibility of household water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities. It is designed for use by people working directly with communities in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, including health workers and community volunteers. Most of the ideas are designed to ensure access for disabled and older people, but are suitable for anyone who may have difficulty using standard facilities. […]
A reference manual for surveying, designing, and constructing gravity-flow water systems, with special reference to such projects as implemented by the Local Development Department of His Majesty's Government of Nepal
This document provides guidance for practitioners on conducting market analysis before the onset of an anticipated crisis using an adaptation of existing post-crisis market assessment tools. Recommendations stemming from this analysis could be used to inform preparedness and DRR programming decision making as well as future emergency responses. This guidance focuses on markets, with the objective to improve programming. As with any humanitarian initiative, the […]
Roughing filtration is a simple, efficient and chemical free water treatment method for turbidity removal; it can be used as a pre-treatment method prior to slow sand filters or disinfection with chlorine. The main disadvantage of roughing filtration for use in emergency situations is that it uses gravel as a filter medium. Gravel may be unavailable or difficult to transport because of its weight. [Continues.]
Several software applications incorporate recent advances in information and communication technology (ICT) to improve information gathering about water points. Among these applications, FLOW (Field Level Operations Watch) is not able because it was developed specifically for water point mapping. With FLOW, enumerators use android phones to enter data about each water point, and take its picture and Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates. The data can […]
Standpipes that dispense water from utilities are the most common alternatives to piped water connections for poor customers in the cities of Sub-Saharan Africa. Fifty-five percent of the unconnected urban population relies on standpipes as their first water source. Other informal water providers include household resellers and a variety of water tankers and vendors, which are the first water source of 1 percent and 3 […]
Water vending is probably as old as human society and trade, but in recent centuries it has been overshadowed by the expansion of networked piped systems. Water vending is now often taken as a symptom of a failure in these piped systems, which still provide water to only a minority of urban dwellers in many parts of the world. When collecting international statistics on access […]
This is the story of the Tara handpump. The Tara (Bengali for "Star") is a low-lift direct action handpump developed in Bangladesh using concepts now proving to be suitable for community water supply applications in a number of other developing countries.
The composition of water varies widely with local geological conditions. Neither groundwater nor surface water has ever been chemically pure H2O, since water contains small amounts of gases, minerals and organic matter of natural origin. The total concentrations of substances dissolved in fresh water considered to be of good quality can be hundreds of mg/L. Thanks to epidemiology and advances in microbiology and chemistry since […]
Water quality monitoring is important for identifying public health risks and ensuring water safety. However, even when water sources are tested, many institutions struggle to access data for immediate action or long-term decision-making. We analyzed water testing structures among 26 regulated water suppliers and public health surveillance agencies across six African countries and identified four water quality data management typologies. Within each typology, we […]
In 2016 WHO introduced the Cholera Kits. These kits replace the Interagency Diarrhoeal Disease Kit (IDDK) which had been used for many years. The Cholera Kit is designed to be flexible and adaptable for preparedness and outbreak response in different contexts. The overall Cholera Kit is made up of an Investigation Kit, Laboratory materials, 3 Treatment Kits (community, periphery and central) and a Hardware Kit. […]
At a webinar on 5 May, 2021, World Hand Hygiene Day, IRC, UNICEF, WaterAid India, WHO and the SuSanA India chapter organized a webinar with experts from the field of public health, WASH, disaster management and more. The objective was to reach civil society organizations from across India with a Call to Action. It urged CSOs, local government institutions and other local networks to prioritize […]
Sanitation workers are a vital workforce, key to Sustainable Development Goal 6, and yet they are often denied their rights to safe work. But how can working conditions be improved, if authorities know nothing about them? This report presents options for how to carry out a quantification and profiling through assessments of workers at city level. The report contains the suggested scope for a sanitation […]
This SWA Briefing Paper explores actions that can be taken by SWA partners that will improve gender equality in all aspects of their work. While there has been significant progress over the last few decades, gender inequality continues to be one of the most pervasive human rights violations throughout the world. Despite considerable attention and commitment, including through the SDGs’ gender equality goal, no country has […]