Chunga, R.M. et al. (2016) Adopt or adapt: Sanitation technology choices in urbanizing Malawi

This paper presents the results of a mixed-methods study examining adaptation strategies that property owners in low-income, rapidly urbanizing areas in Malawi adopt to address the limitations of pit latrines, the most common method of disposing human excreta. A particular challenge is lack of space for constructing new latrines aspopulation density increases: traditional practice has been to cap full pits and simply move to a […]

Tiberghien, J.-E. et al. (2016) A tale of clean cities: Insights for planning urban sanitation from Ghana, India and the Philippines

Uncontrolled urbanisation and proliferation of slums makes development of urban sanitation a big challenge. To contribute to the efforts towards the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of universal access to sanitation, the research A tale of clean cities aimed to learn from three cities that are performing well in sanitation: Kumasi, Ghana; San Fernando, the Philippines; and Visakhapatnam, India. Findings showed substantial but uneven progress along […]

Blackett, I., Hawkins, P. (2016) Fecal Sludge Management Tools Diagnostic and cecision support tools

Urban sanitation remains a significant challenge for most low and middle income countries. The urban population of the group of Least Developed Countries (LDCs) more than tripled between 1990 and 2015. While access to sanitation in LDCs has increased in relative terms, in absolute terms the number of people using unimproved  […]

Abramovsky, L. et al. (2016) Improving CLTS targeting: Evidence from Nigeria

Many low-income countries face the hefty challenge of increasing sanitation coverage, in both rural and urban areas, which demand di erent solutions. In response, governments, with support from international agencies, bilateral donors and non-government organisations, are deploying a range of programmes and policies to accelerate progress towards the new global goals. Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is one popular approach. CLTS works  […]

Barot, N., Ramisetty, M., Kapur, D. (2016) Formative research to develop appropriate participatory approaches towards water, sanitation and hygiene in rural areas

Most sanitation promotion approaches are only partially successful in providing short term increases in sanitation coverage and usage. Behaviour change communication messages designed as marketing interventions often fail to address deeper underlying causes of resistance behind people’s reluctance to adopt improved and safe sani-tation and hygiene. This study was undertaken with the objective of understanding perceptions, barriers, and motivators for improved sanitation behaviour in nine […]

Eremutha, F. et al. (2016) Evaluation of sanitary conditions in Kuje Market in Abuja, Nigeria with diverse cultural practices and provision of a Dry Ecological Toilet System

This paper presents the general sanitation practices by the traders in a major market in Kuje located in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja and our efforts in reorientating the market stakeholders towards the provision and use of a new dry sanitation toilet complex. The market is known for its diversity in Nigerian ethnicity, culture and the variety of goods and services. A novel toilet […]

Furlong, C., Mensah, A., Donkor, J., Scott, R. (2016) Learnings from implementing the excreta flow diagram (SFD) process in Kumasi

Abstract: Excreta, Faecal or Shit Flow Diagrams (SFDs) are away to clearly represent how excreta flows along the sanitation service chain. This approach has already gaines popularity and many SFDs have already been produced. To date little attention has been paid to the methods and data used, or the credibility of the SFDs. The SFD Promotion Initiative has created a tool to enable the wieder roll-out […]

Lutters, M.C., Sivakumar, S., Bäurle, S. (2016) Menstrual Hygiene Management – An overview of a neglected issue Link collection for MHM - updated version 2018

Globally 52% of the female population is of reproductive age, meaning approximately 1.9 billion women and adolescent girls menstruate each month for between two and seven days. A first examination of the MHM global landscape: literature, academic studies, main actors, and debates, by the Sector Programme Sustainable Sanitation of the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) was discussed and made more comprehensive through discussions with members […]

WASH advocates (2014) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Nutrition Efforts: A Resource Guide

This resource guide includes manuals, reports, academic studies, and organizations working on WASH and nutrition. The guide can serve as a tool for implementers and advocates in the WASH/Nutrition nexus looking to pursue and promote integrated programming.

ECHO, UNICEF, OFDA (2015) Stratégie - Groupe Régional WASH, Afrique l'Ouest et Centrale (in French) Strategy - WASH Regional Group, West and Central Africa

La présente stratégie régionale mise à jour en 2015 a été lancée en 2012 face à la crise nutritionnelle et alimentaire au Sahel, révisée lors du processus de consultation en 2014, elle reste une orientation intersectorielle adaptable aux spécificités nationales et locales de chaque pays. French title: Stratégie - Groupe Régional WASH, Afrique l'Ouest et Centrale

Mitchell, C. et al. (2016) Making pathogen hazards visible: a new heuristic to improve sanitation investment efficacy

The public health objective of sanitation is to reduce the risk of negative health outcomes from faecal contamination. For water-based sanitation systems at the household and community scale as practised in Indonesia and perhaps elsewhere, the liquid component of the effluent comprises a significant pathogen hazard. While increasing attention is paid to managing the solid fraction, the hazard in the liquid fraction goes largely unnoticed […]

Various authors (2014) SuSanA cartoon competition

SuSanA and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) held a sanitation-themed cartoon competition. The spirit of the competition was to create cartoons which would get people to laugh and talk about sanitation - towards breaking the taboo around sanitation! We received creative, funny, and profound cartoons from around the world, which highlighted humour around the subject, while also vividly displaying the seriousness of the issues. […]

Campbell, OM. et al. (2015) Getting the basics right - the role of water, sanitation and hygiene in maternal and reproductive health A conceptual framework

To explore linkages between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and maternal and perinatal health via a conceptual approach and a scoping review Methods: We developed a conceptual framework iteratively, amalgamating three literature-based lenses. We then searched literature and identified risk factors potentially linked to maternal and perinatal health. We conducted a systematic scoping review for all chemical and biological WASH risk factors identified using text […]

Smith, L. C. et al. (2011) Admissible Evidence in the Court of Development Evaluation? The Impact of CARE’s SHOUHARDO Project on Child Stunting in Bangladesh

Along with the rise of the development effectiveness movement of the last few decades, experimental impact evaluation methods – randomised controlled trials and quasiexperimental techniques – have emerged as a dominant force. While the increased use of these methods has contributed to improved understanding of what works and whether specific projects have been successful, their ‘gold standard’ status threatens to exclude a large body of […]

WASHplus (2016) Compendium of WASHplus Tools and Resources to Facilitate WASH and Nutrition Integration An introduction

SHINE Trial Team (2016) The sanitation hygiene infant nutrition efficacy (SHINE) trial: rationale, design and methods

Child stunting and anemia are intractable public health problems in developing countries and have profound short- and long-term consequences. The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial is motivated by the premise that environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a major underlying cause of both stunting and anemia, that chronic inflammation is the central characteristic of EED mediating these adverse effects, and that EED is primarily […]

CAWST (2014) Latrine Design and Construction Workshop (in English, French, and Spanish)

This collection contains the resources for both trainers and participants for the Latrine Design and Construction workshop. This five-day workshop is designed for latrine project implementers and masons. In this workshop, participants will learn how to design and construct latrines for low-income communities not connected to a sewerage system. The focus is on designing latrines that are technically and environmentally appropriate, and that people will […]

CAWST, Sandec (2016) Faecal Sludge Management Workshop

This collection contains the resources for both trainers and participants for CAWST and Eawag-Sandec's Introduction to Faecal Sludge Management workshop. This is a two-three day introductory workshop on FSM designed for various sanitation stakeholders. In this workshop, participants will learn about faecal sludge management for low-income communities not connected to a sewer. The workshop provides participants with an overview of technologies for faecal sludge collection, […]

Chitty, A., Jones, D., Wilson-Jones, M. (2016) The missing ingredients Are policy-makers doing enough on water, sanitation and hygiene to end malnutrition

Governments around the world have committed to end malnutrition by 2030. However, international and national nutrition plans and actions will fail if they don’t include all the ingredients for success. Evidence shows that scaling up nutrition-specific interventions to 90% coverage in 34 of the countries with the highest burden of child undernutrition, will only reduce stunting by 20%. This report highlights why water, sanitation […]

Haddad, L. et al (2016) Global Nutrition Report 2016 From Promise to Impact - Ending Malnutrition by 2030

The Global Nutrition Report is the only independent and comprehensive annual review of the state of the world’s nutrition. It is a multipartner initiative that holds a mirror up to our successes and failures at meeting intergovernmental nutrition targets. It documents progress on commitments made on the global stage, and it recommends actions to accelerate that progress. The Global Nutrition Report aims to be a […]