Sanitation Library
Total results: 4466
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The Sanitation Workers Knowledge + Learning Hub is the best source for all current news, trends, articles and updates on sanitation workers rights around the world.
1971 Views
52 Downloads
“Human waste” is a term that has traditionally been used to refer only to human excrements, namely fecal material and urine, which are by-products of the human digestive system. When discarded, these materials are colloquially known as human waste. When recycled for agricultural purposes, however, they’re known by various names, including night soil (when applied raw to fields in Asia) and …
1585 Views
12 Downloads
Greening innovation and urban agriculture can bring dignity, empowerment and food sovereignty to refugee communities. Simple technologies and waste recovery make these techniques cost effective and adaptable. Both should be central to designing, implementing and sustaining both refugee camps and overcrowded urban areas. This report examines current and potential use of greening innovation and …
3041 Views
131 Downloads
The report summarizes the proceedings of the ILE in Indonesia, provides technical details and input of invited resource experts as well as participants, and expands on the key discussions that made the event such a lively, useful and practical experience for all participants. It is hoped that the report will be an important element in joint global knowledge management for WinS and that it will be …
3146 Views
0 Downloads
Accountability and shared governance
Nozibele Mjoli
Make or break: accountability central to good sanitation governance
Prasetyastuti Puspowardoya Co-management: enabling community-based sanitation sustainability
Nughroho Tri Utomo & Declan Hearne
Social contracts: a tool for better governance of water services
Justino da Silva
Supporting communities in Timor-Leste to audit …
3059 Views
66 Downloads
The report sets out to provide guidelines for the preliminary design of faecal sludge treatment schemes comprising solids-liquid separation and stabilisation ponds. The document is based on the results of collaborative field research conducted by the Ghana Water Research Institute and SANDEC on full and pilot-scale faecal sludge (FS) treatment plants located in Accra, Ghana. Published and …
5294 Views
324 Downloads
Daniela Krahl of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ) has said that: “The water strategy of our Ministry is seen as a model because it addresses the spirit of the SDGs in a holistic manner, thus going beyond SDG 6. That is what we need today and that is why I like the excreta flow diagram. It brings people from different spheres together to understand a …
1855 Views
52 Downloads
The use of a vermifilter containing Eisenia fetida to degrade human faeces in a continuous wet system was explored. This paper aimed to understand the formation of vermicompost within the system, the quality of the effluent produced, and the effect of different bedding matrices. Eight filters were constructed, utilising four different bedding materials: four of these systems were seeded with 400 …
2465 Views
58 Downloads
The objective of this study was to determine if composting worms and their cocoons are able to survive in and digest faecal sludge. Eighteen vermifilters with different worm and cocoon densities were set-up, fed with faecal sludge (from portable pour-flush toilets) and ran for 38 days. Samples of the sludge, effluent and vermicompost were analysed for pH, total solids, chemical oxygen demand, …
3461 Views
194 Downloads
This manual has been prepared for use by local nongovernmental and community-based organisations (e.g. resident initiatives) and relevant persons in urban local governments. Private organisations or entrepreneurs interested in organic waste recycling may also benefit from this book. It may also help development agencies and other government sectors in planning waste management and composting …
2419 Views
36 Downloads
Nitrogen is one of the principal nutrients found in wastewater. Discharges containing nitrogen can severely damage a water resource and it’s associated ecosystem. As a result, several chemical, physical and biological processes have been used to promote the removal of nitrogen. Nitrification and denitrification are two suggested processes that significantly reduce nitrogen levels in wastewater. …
3671 Views
163 Downloads
Treatment wetlands are natural treatment technologies that efficiently treat many different types of polluted water. Treatment wetlands are engineered systems designed to optimise processes found in natural environments and are therefore considered environmentally friendly and sustainable options for wastewater treatment. Compared to other wastewater treatment technologies, treatment wetlands …
4624 Views
232 Downloads
This manual provides comprehensive technical information about the planning, design, construction and operation of WSPs and CWs for a wide range of applications. To understand and design WSPs and CWs requires the involvement of expertise in a variety of fields, including chemistry, hydrology, soil science, plant biology, natural resources, environmental management, ecology, environmental …
3101 Views
181 Downloads
The implementation of wastewater treatment plants has been so far a challenge for most countries. Economical resources, political will, institutional strength and cultural background are important elements defining the trajectory of pollution control in many countries. Technological aspects are sometimes mentioned as being one of the reasons hindering further developments. However, as shown in …
2283 Views
41 Downloads
The present series of books has been produced based on the book "Biological wastewater treatment in warm climate regions", written by the same authors and also published by IWA Publishing. In this version, the books aim at presenting consolidated technology based on worldwide experience available at the international literature. However, it should be recognised that a significant input comes from …
3821 Views
282 Downloads
This manual on Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Treatment sets out the general principles and practices which should be followed by those involved in the treatment of urban waste water. It provides criteria and procedures for the proper management, maintenance, supervision, operation and use of the processes and equipment required for the secondary treatment of wastewater. The Agency hopes that it …
2301 Views
46 Downloads
Many low-income communities in developing countries consider stormwater dra inage to be their most urgent need as far as urban infrastructure is concerned. This is partly because their houses are often built on unsuitable land. In areas sufficiently close to the city centre for the journey to work to be affordable, land prices tend to be beyond their means. The only land they can afford, or on …
1605 Views
26 Downloads
Effective drainage is important in emergencies when there is a risk of flooding or there is a risk of poor environmental health conditions developing from standing water, muddy conditions, or erosion. It would not usually be the first priority in the initial stages of an emergency, but should be considered after the immediate water, sanitation and hygiene needs have been met. Sites which have …
2771 Views
177 Downloads
Simplified sewerage is an important sanitation option in peri-urban areas of developing countries, especially as it is often the only technically feasible solution in these high-density areas. It is a sanitation technology widely known in Latin America, but it is much less well known in Africa and Asia. It is the purpose of this Manual to disseminate this technology more widely in the developing …
2122 Views
42 Downloads
Sewers are commonly referred to according to the type of wastewater that each transports. For example, storm sewers carry stormwater; industrial sewers carry industrial wastes; sanitary sewers carry both domestic sewage and industrial wastes. Another type of sewer, known as a combined sewer, is prevalent in older communities, but such systems are no longer constructed. Combined sewers carry …
2015 Views
39 Downloads
Providing safe excreta collection and disposal in emergency situations has remained one of the most urgent priorities in the disaster relief effort. This is because of the high risk to human health that exposed and unsanitized human excreta pose. With an increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters in recent years, humanitarian aid and related organisations worldwide are currently …
1821 Views
25 Downloads
The investigation included 30 isolates of lactic bacteria originating from different sources (composted green materials, EM “Greenland” preparation as well as Lactobacillus brevis and L. plantarum cultures), and the following pathogens: Salmonella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, L. innocua, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis …
