Sanitation Library
Total results: 4466
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The Sanitation Workers Knowledge + Learning Hub is the best source for all current news, trends, articles and updates on sanitation workers rights around the world.
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Water is essential to man, animals and plants. Without water life on earth would not exist. From the very beginning of human civilization, families have settled close to water sources, along rivers, beside lakes or near natural springs. Indeed where people live, some water is normally available for drinking, domestic use, and possibly for watering animals. This does not imply that the source is …
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60 Downloads
Many publications describe the protection of springs from contamination using spring boxes. The construction of such a structure takes time and money, and in many cases it may not be really necessary.
A spring box can be useful as:
-A sedimentation chamber where particles of sand carried in the spring water can settle out.
-A storage chamber, which is useful for springs where the peak rate …
902 Views
50 Downloads
This manual covers a general description of the equipment and operating procedures for a HP1220 High Pressure Carbon Adsorption Systems. The Carbon Systems are designed to provide many years of trouble free service. To achieve this, the Carbon System equipment must be properly handled and installed to obtain the desired results. Failure to do so can cause premature equipment malfunctions and/or …
1573 Views
9 Downloads
With a view to scope the tasks under the Tamil Nadu sanitation mission, IIHS carried out a scoping exercise in 2015 to gain an in-depth understanding of the current arrangements and practices in the full cycle of sanitation. The study assessed a range of issues across the sanitation cycle including design and construction practices of on-site sanitation systems, septage collection and waste …
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113 Downloads
According to RPJMN 2020–2024 figures, in 2018 almost 75 percent of the Indonesian population has
access to improved sanitation nationally. This includes almost 7.5 percent classified as safely
managed sanitation services based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 definitions. These
figures are impressive considering the low base of sanitation coverage with which the country has
been …
1732 Views
79 Downloads
This is a Compendium of technology options for various components in the urban sanitation chain. This Compendium is contextual to the geographic and economic conditions for the state of Tamil Nadu and aims to provide the user with a broad range of innovative sanitation systems and technologies that can be implemented on the ground. This document is designed to act as a reference guide and …
1484 Views
50 Downloads
Tirupati is situated in Chittoor district in the southern of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The town is administered by the Municipal Corporation of Tirupati (MCT) and is divided into 36 wards.
The city covers an area of about 27 km2 with a total population of just under 375,000 (Census, 2011; GIZ, 2014). The current decadal growth rate lies at 26 %, which results in a population growth of 2.3% …
757 Views
4 Downloads
From the 24 – 28 March 2014, RedR held a pilot course for 24 WASH experts on the subject of
addressing the social, institutional and technical gaps that currently exist for water, sanitation and
hygiene provision in the urban emergency context. This document, produced as a partnership
between ALNAP and RedR, captures the key messages, lessons and experiences of both course
facilitators …
1648 Views
27 Downloads
The purpose of this guidance manual is to provide technical information on the use of membrane
filtration and application of the technology for compliance with the Long Term 2 Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rule, which would require certain systems to provide additional
treatment for Cryptosporidium. The requirements of this rule, as they relate to membrane
filtration, are summarized in …
6455 Views
841 Downloads
Sanitation and hygiene are the foundation of healthy cities. They are a primary prerequisite for the health of our societies as well as economic development. However, achieving safe and sustainable urban sanitation for all has proven to be difficult, especially for the vulnerable and poor.
The publication "A Sanitation Journey - Principles, Approaches and Tools for Urban Sanitation" provides …
2224 Views
106 Downloads
Interest in using ultraviolet (UV) light to disinfect drinking water is growing among public water systems (PWSs) due to its ability to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms without forming regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). UV light has proven effective against some pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium, that are resistant to commonly used disinfectants like chlorine.
The United States …
1255 Views
22 Downloads
Ground water is one of the Nation’s most important natural resources. It provides about 40 percent of the Nation’s public water supply. In addition, more than 40 million people, including most of the rural population, supply their own drinking water from domestic wells. As a result, ground water is an important source of drinking water in every State. Ground water is also the source of much …
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13 Downloads
This report summarizes results from a year-long pilot project in Cambodia to test the Ceramic Water Purifier, a low-cost household water treatment technology that removes microbiological contamination at the point of use. The pilot project was conducted by International Development Enterprises (IDE) with financial assistance from the Health and Nutrition Initiatives Fund supported by the Canadian …
1153 Views
21 Downloads
Safe drinking-water is essential to sustain life – it is the basis for human health, survival, growth and development. Therefore, access to safe drinking-water is a basic human right. Recognition of this right contributes to the survival of human beings and disease prevention, because water is used not only for drinking, but also for many other purposes such as hygiene, food production, …
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28 Downloads
Managers of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes normally acknowledge that people need to behave in a hygienic manner to protect water supplies and ensure that sanitation facilities are used properly. However, promoting hygienic behaviour differs from the construction of infrastructure, with indicators of progress being less concrete. This means campaigns need to be planned and carried …
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16 Downloads
As the quality of water can be seriously affected by a disaster or an emergency, it is best practice to disinfect all emergency water supplies. The most common way of disinfecting is with chlorine. This technical note explains why disinfection is important, why chlorine is used, how it works, how to test for its presence and where and when to test.
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112 Downloads
Water tankering (also known as water trucking) can be a rapid means of transporting water to areas in need during the initial phase of an emergency. Tankering operations, however, are expensive and relatively time-consuming to administer. This technical note considers key issues relating to the effective and efficient use of tankers during an emergency.
1001 Views
4 Downloads
The promotion and uptake of effective handwashing practices are critical in ensuring the health of populations affected by emergencies and humanitarian crises. Along with general public health benefits, handwashing can reduce the risk of diarrhoeal disease by up to 50% (Curtis and Cairncross, 2003; Fewtrell et al., 2005; Luby et al., 2005). Handwashing with soap is recognised as an easy, …
608 Views
1 Downloads
The proposed chapter addresses a comprehensive overview of the history and future outlook of ultrafiltration/microfiltration (UF/MF) membrane for desalination water pretreatment. Known theories on UF/MF membrane formation from phase inversion (Dr/wet) systems can be prolonged to define the consequences of high or low molecular weight additives. Also, direct material reengineering and surface …
1523 Views
14 Downloads
Globally, around 15 per cent of the population are living with some kind of disability. An estimated 13 per cent of people worldwide are over the age of 60. More than 46 per cent of those who are over the age of 60 have a disability. Humanitarian principles require that humanitarian assistance and protection are provided on the basis of need, without discrimination. No one should be excluded …
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92 Downloads
Good supervision of water well drilling is essential for the provision of long-lasting water wells. This guidance note assists geologists and engineers in charge of the supervision of borehole construction as well as project managers. It can be used to prepare for training, and as a manual.
This guide details the responsibilities of the drilling supervisor at the different stages of borehole …
812 Views
7 Downloads
Decentralization in Benin. In February 1990, the Conférence de Forces Vives de la Nation defined the Government of Benin’s plan to grant communes more legal and financial autonomy. The Beninese government outlined a vision that “Benin is organized into autonomous spaces, called communes, intended as public spaces of freedom, as initiatives, as an exercise of citizens' rights and …
943 Views
25 Downloads
The USAID/West Africa Municipal Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Activity (MuniWASH) is a five-year project currently operating in Benin and Cote d’Ivoire, which is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by Tetra Tech. MuniWASH supports municipalities to provide sustainable water and sanitation services to vulnerable and underserved populations in …
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12 Downloads
DECENTRALIZATION The beginnings of decentralization in Côte d'Ivoire date back to the colonial period, when the country was a French colony with the existence of mixed communes and municipal councils (partly elected and partly appointed). Medium-sized communes were run by councils headed by “Mayor Administrators” appointed by the Central Colonial Government. Large communes were administered …
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8 Downloads
The multiple-use water services (MUS) approach is defined as an approach to water services that
considers the multiple needs of (poor) water users, who take water from a number of sources, and
communities’ own priorities as the starting point for investments in new infrastructure,
management arrangements, the rehabilitation of existing infrastructure, or for improvements in
management …
