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Only quite recently have we come to truly understand the many important linkages between land, freshwater and oceans. Generally, terrestrial, freshwater and marine specialists have tended to work independently from one another, with limited interaction. But with new insights into the complex relationship between different ecosystems – on land and in rivers, deltas, estuaries, nearshore and in …
In this report, we explore the question of how scarce public resources can be used most effectively to achieve
universal delivery of WSS services. To inform our discussion, we analyze subsidies in the sector, including
their magnitude, their efficacy in achieving their policy objectives, and the implications of poor design. We then provide guidance to policy makers on how subsidies can be …
Urbanization is constantly on the rise, with cities already absorbing more than half of the world’s population and armed conflicts increasingly being fought in urban settings. Regions facing protracted armed conflict see a steady decline in essential public services, while the relief-rehabilitation-development paradigm and funding mechanisms fail to provide a satisfactory response in these …
Most sanitation promotion approaches are only partially successful in providing short term increases in sanitation coverage and usage. BCC messages designed as marketing interventions often fail to address deeper underlying
causes of resistance behind people’s reluctance to adopt improved and safe sanitation and hygiene (or even physical barriers like water availability).
This study was an …
In 2011, one in every four (26%) children under 5 years of age worldwide was stunted. The realization that most stunting cannot be explained by poor diet or by diarrhoea, nor completely reversed by optimized diet and reduced diarrhoea has led to the hypothesis that a primary underlying cause of stunting is subclinical gut disease. Essentially, ingested microbes set in motion two overlapping and …
Childhood stunting is the best overall indicator of children’s well-being and an accurate reflection of social inequalities. Stunting is the most prevalent form of child malnutrition with an estimated 161 million children worldwide in 2013 falling below 2 SD from the length-for-age/height-for-age World Health Organization Child Growth Standards median. Many more millions suffer from some degree …
(2015)
In early 2004, the then United Nations Secretary-General Ko Annan called on former Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto of Japan to Devise and execute this idea: bring together eminent people to advise on how to solve the planet’s foremost water and sanitation troubles, suggest a handful of attainable recommendations and a concise plan of action, and then provide the high-level leadership needed …
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